What will be the output voltage of the circuit shown in Figure E7-3 if R1 is 1,000 ohms, RF is 10,000 ohms, and 0.23 volts DC is applied to the input?

توضیح

With the non-inverting input grounded and the input applied through R1 to the inverting input, this is an inverting amplifier, so V_out = −(RF / R1) × V_in. That gives −(10,000 / 1,000) × 0.23 V = −2.3 V, negative because the stage inverts.