How can unwanted ringing and audio instability be prevented in an op-amp audio filter?
Restrict both gain and Q✓Bonne réponse
Restrict gain but increase Q
Restrict Q but increase gain
Increase both gain and Q
Explication
High stage gain combined with high Q leaves too little gain and phase margin, so the filter rings on transients or breaks into oscillation. Keeping both gain and Q per stage modest, and cascading stages when more selectivity is needed, keeps it stable.