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Question 72

Select all that apply. Which statements about how works of Greek learning reached western Europe in the Middle Ages are correct?

  1. Some Greek works reached the west through translations made from Arabic versionsCorrect answer
  2. No Greek learning reached the west at any point during the medieval centuries
  3. Spain and Sicily, where different languages and traditions met, were important places of translationCorrect answer
  4. Every Greek text had been completely lost in the west and returned by one single route

Explanation

Greek scientific and philosophical works travelled into Latin partly through Arabic intermediaries, and the regions where several languages were in daily use were where much of that translating was organised. The sweeping claim of total loss and a single route fails because parts of the Greek inheritance had never disappeared in the west and other texts came directly from Byzantine copies.

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