Two fair coins are tossed together and the result of each coin is recorded separately. How many equally likely outcomes are there altogether?

Explanation

Each of the two results of the first coin can be joined by either result of the second, giving heads-heads, heads-tails, tails-heads and tails-tails, so 4 outcomes are recorded. Answering 3 merges one head and one tail into a single case, but that result can arise with the head on either coin, and those two cases stay apart once each coin is recorded separately.